[PR]衝撃!あなたの本当の裏の顔!:実は貴方はΟΔ県出身?ここで分かる真実

フィリピンの住宅政策 </head> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt'><a href="http://members.tripod.co.jp/peacewld/index.htm">HOME</a> > <a href="http://members.tripod.co.jp/peacewld/housing.html">不動産と政策</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#3366FF'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;color:#3366FF'>フィリピンの住宅政策</span>                       平成<span lang=EN-US>16年1月17日更新</span></p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <p><span lang=EN-US>(エストラダ時代)  データは2002年5月時点</span></p> <p>フィリピンではエストラダ前大統領の指導下、<span lang=EN-US>2001年12月に<span style='color:red'>ラグナ住宅サミット</span>が開催され、政府をあげて低所得者向け住宅の増加に取り組む方針が確認された。計画では2004年までに135万の住宅建設が予定された。 <br> これらの作業は各自治体(local government units)がになう。 </span></p> <p>住宅の建設にあたり、各自治体は住宅建設が可能な土地の利用計画(包括土地利用・指定計画<b><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:red'>Comprehensive Land Use and Zoning Plan</span></b>)を作成しなくてはならないが、78の自治体のうち20しかまだこの作業が終わっていない。仮に選定された土地が住宅に不適な用途に指定されている場合、自治体は住宅局(National Housing Authority)に用途変更を申し出なくてはならない。 </p> <p>ラグナ住宅サミットでは自治体が住宅に利用できる資金は約1兆5千億万ペソとされた。<span lang=EN-US> <br> 住宅局は再定住計画に52億ペソ  地域開発に57億ペソの予算を有する。これらに加え、住宅局の200億ペソの公的住宅予算も各自治体は用途に応じて用いることができる。 </span></p> <p>貧困根絶計画(<b><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:red'>Poverty Alleviation Program</span></b><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>)</span></b>の1億ペソの予算も各自治体は利用することができる。土地支援計画は不法占拠者の土地取得促進をめざすがここには5億の予算がある。 </p> <p>農業構造改善計画は300億ペソのうち230億ペソの資金が残っているが、住宅保険保証会社及び住宅土地利用規制局に通告することによりこのファンドも各自治体は利用する事ができる。 </p> <p><span style='color:red'>フィリピン開発銀行</span>は自治体の住宅ローンに関して3つのスキームを用意するが、1万人以上の人口を有する自治体はこの950億ペソの住宅資金を利用することができる。 </p> <p><span style='font-family:"MS ゴシック"'>自治体ローンは民間銀行が実質的に資金を出しているが、政府はこの金利を9%に引き下げるよう要請している。銀行側は16%を要求しており、この差額は政府が負担しなくてはならず、莫大な財政負担となる。その規模は年100億ペソと試算されている。 <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"MS ゴシック"'>(アロヨ政権)<span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.op.gov.ph/PGMAHousing.pdf">アロヨ政権の住宅政策ペーパー</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoSubtitle><span style='font-family:"MS ゴシック"'>アロヨ政権は住宅政策を最重要課題のひとつとして取り組んでおり、極めて多様な政策手段を取っているが、その主たる政策は、まず低所得者層への住宅供給である。低所得者向けに政府が供給する賃貸住宅は社会住宅<span lang=EN-US>(socialized housing)と呼ばれる。中期フィリピン住宅開発計画では2001-2004の4年間に120万の政府住宅供給を計画しているが、そのうち88万は社会化住宅での供給計画である。<a href="http://www.hudcc.gov.ph/index.php?id1=2&id2=8&id3=0"> TABLE2-4</a><br> アロヨ政権が直接供給政策に重点を置かざるを得なかった理由のひとつには、90年代に続いた火山噴火などの自然災害により、国民の住宅事情が極度に悪化したという事情がある。<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoSubtitle><span style='font-family:"MS ゴシック"'>アロヨ政権では、インフォーマルセクターの居住者による住宅取得にも力を入れている。大統領は住宅のための土地がない人々のために10万平方メートルの国有地を提供する用意のあることを発表しており、大統領令(<span lang=EN-US>Presidential Proclamation)の要件を満たせば、国有地が払い下げられることになる。資金調達手段としてはNHMFCが行うコミュニティ向け融資が利用される。<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoSubtitle><span style='font-family:"MS ゴシック"'>またアロヨ政権では、新規の住宅融資を促進するため、大量の不良債権を持ち、融資機能が低下している<span lang=EN-US>NHMFCの不良債権など、複数の政府金融機関が有する不良債権を(約10億ドル)を米国の投資銀行であるリーマンブラザーズ社へ売却し、資金の流動化を図った。<br> 国内の債権流動化スキーム整備のため、SPV(特別目的導管体)に関する法整備も行った。<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoSubtitle style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count: -3.0'><span style='font-family:"MS ゴシック"'>(*)<span lang=EN-US>NHMFCはアキノ前大統領の下で実施された住宅融資スキームであるUnited Home Lending Program融資が90年代に入り、不動産<br> 価格下落で不良債権化。98年には事実上破綻した。<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoSubtitle><span style='font-family:"MS ゴシック"'>(実績)<span lang=EN-US><br> アロヨ政権が打ち出した政策SONA<a href="http://www.gov.ph/sona/sona_tech_pov.asp"> State of the Nation Address</a>では2001年計画として30万戸の住宅供給を目標とした。SONAの内容は@</span></span><strong><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"MS ゴシック";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;font-weight: normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>SECURITY OF LAND TENUREASOCIALIZED HOUSINGBLOW COST HOUSINGCREDUCTION OF SIGNATURES(規制緩和)からなる。2001年の実績は33万8千で目標を上回った。<a href="http://www.news.ops.gov.ph/archives2002/july18.htm#Gov't%20provides"><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>こちら</span></a></span></strong><strong><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"MS ゴシック";mso-bidi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"; font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p> <p class=MsoSubtitle style='tab-stops:36.0pt'><strong><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"MS ゴシック";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>SECURITY OF LAND TENUREの施策として都市貧困の人々15万世帯への宅地供給が計画された。CMP(Community Mortgage Project)では約2万8千の宅地が供給された。 (数値は<a href="http://www.hudcc.gov.ph/"><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>HUDCC</span></a>より)<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p> <p><strong><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"MS ゴシック";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>SOCIALIZED HOUSINGでは7万の目標(2001年)に対し、8万3千の実績であった。<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p> <p><strong><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"MS ゴシック";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>LOW COST HOUSINGでは8万の目標に対し、7万2千の実績となった。<a href="http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2002/jan/17/metro/20020117met5.html"><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>新聞記事</span></a> <a href="http://www.inq7.net/gbl/2002/nov/14/gbl_9-1.htm"><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'>同</span></a></span></strong></p> <p><span lang=EN-US style='color:red'>Socialized Housing</span><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><a href="http://www.balay.net.ph/publications/pub_socialized14.htm">Balayのページ</a></span></p> <p>(住宅政策担当機関)</p> <p style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.0'>住宅都市開発調整会議 <span lang=EN-US>HUDCC<br> NHA・HGC・NHMFC・HLURB(住宅関連政府組織)<br> SSS・GSIS・HDMF(政府系金融機関)<br> 7つの財務関係政府機関  を統合し、住宅政策を推進</span></p> <p><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"; color:red'><a href="http://www.nha.gov.ph/index.html"><span style='font-family: "MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:"MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>国家住宅局</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'> National Housing Authority</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family:"MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'> 1975年設立</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: "MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>所得層下位30%向けに スラム改善・路上生活者移転事業・土地開発・コア住宅建設などを行なう。NHAの行なう事業はすべて社会住宅(</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'>Socialized Housing</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: "MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>)に分類される。NHA以外の事業でも社会住宅に分類される事業がある。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'><br> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: "MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>集合住宅</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'>  </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "MS P明朝"'>Cooperative Housing</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='text-indent:52.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:5.0'><span style='font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:"MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family: "MS Pゴシック"'>平均19万ペソで建築される。バゴン・リプナン・改革地域やサービス提供計画(BLISS)の下、中流層向け住宅が建築される。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'> <br> <span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><br> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: "MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>低所得者住宅</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'> <br>                 </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: "MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>国家住宅局が所得分位15%〜65%向けに提供。貧困層向けには、一般区画販売による収入があてられる。</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: "MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>移転再定住計画</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"; mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>  </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>NHA-Administered Resettlement Program</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>  </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Resettlement Assistance Program for <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'><br>                 </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: "MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>サービス区画が再開発事業によりホームレスとなった不法占拠者や危険地区居住者に提供される。</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style='margin-left:83.45pt;text-indent:-83.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:-7.95'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>地公体再定住支援  </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family: Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Resettlement Assistance Program for <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span><br> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>地方公共団体のインフラ整備で、再定住が必要となる人々のため、地公体が土地を提供し、</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>NHA</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>が開発費用を支援</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:65.75pt;text-indent:-65.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:-6.26'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>スラム改善    </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family: Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Slum</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>upgrading<br> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>スラムでの道路・路地開設・水道・電気設備の設置への補助    </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:65.75pt;text-indent:-65.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:-6.26'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>土地サービス改良     </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family: Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Sites and Services Development</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"; color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><br> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>人口増加が激しい地区での宅地供給 </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"; color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:65.75pt;text-indent:-65.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:-6.26'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>メディアム ライズ住宅   </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family: Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Medium</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Rise</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Housing</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'> ( </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝";color:black'>Medium Rise Private Housing</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black'>)</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "MS P明朝";color:black'><br> NHA</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black'>を中心に行われる連棟住宅建設事業<span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>                                                                                    </span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "MS P明朝";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: "MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>コア住宅  NHAと民間またはLGU(地方公共団体)との共同事業で行なわれる低所得者(公務員を含む)向け住宅建設事業。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-94.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:-9.0'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"; mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>コミュニティベースド住宅  </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'><br> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "MS P明朝";color:black'>Land Tenure Assistance Program (LTAP)</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black'>  コミュニティ組織の土地取得を支援</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "MS P明朝";color:black'><br> the Community Mortgage Program (CMP)</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black'>  コミュニティ組織の借り入れを支援</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "MS P明朝";color:black'><br> Community Land Acquisition Support Program (CLASP)</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black'>  </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family: "MS P明朝";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-94.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:-9.0'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'>NHA</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"; mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>は上記のプログラム以外にも住宅建設技術支援事業等を行なう</span><span lang=EN-US><br style='mso-special-character:line-break'> <![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br style='mso-special-character:line-break'> <![endif]></span></p> <p style='margin-left:84.0pt;text-indent:-84.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-8.0'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'>NHMFD</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"; mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>      国家住宅抵当金融会社は1977年設立</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'><br> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family: "MS Pゴシック";mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>住宅市場への資金流入をうながすため、住宅抵当の流通市場の活性化をになう。</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style='margin-left:84.0pt;text-indent:-84.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-8.0'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'>HDMF</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"; mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>       住宅相互基金は公務員向けの貯蓄機関。</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"MS P明朝";mso-ascii-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"; mso-hansi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>コミュニティベースド住宅ではNHAが導管体となって融資資金を借り入れる。</span> <span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS P明朝"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:-90.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-9.0'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>80年代に行われた政府と民間との住宅供給のためのジョイントベンチャープログラム。90年代の不動産市況悪化により現在は<span lang=EN-US><br> 行われなくなっている。<br>   <br> <b>BLISS</b>   </span></span><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#993300'>Bagong</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#993300'> <span class=SpellE>Lipunan</span> Improvement of Sites and Services</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'> 50年リースで提供される中流向け住宅。支払い期間は25年。 <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>ジョイントベンチャープログラム</span></b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>ハビタット 第二会準備会議に人権委員会から提出された 地球定住計画中期見直し(第4)において <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>フィリピンの住宅政策(ジョイントベンチャー)が「好ましい実践」として取り上げられている。 <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>(目的) <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>民間の住宅市場への資金投資を誘引するため、官民での共同形態での住宅開発を行う。 <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>対象は都市の所得分位50%以下の人々。 <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>(しくみ) <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>住宅当局は最高プロジェクトの40%までを土地融資等の形で援助。住宅の60%は融資に上限5%の金利で計算された金額以下で販売されなくてはならない。残りの40%は市場で自由に販売される。 <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>(形態) <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>住宅当局が土地を持ち、民間が住宅供給をになう → 一般的 <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>住宅当局が土地及び建物の一部を有し、民間が残りの所有・建設・開発を行う <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>土地は民間が有し、官民が融資を行う <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#993300'>住宅当局はアドバイスのみを行う </span><span lang=EN-US><br>   </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>リンク集</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://members.at.infoseek.co.jp/peacewld/arroyo.htm">アロヨ大統領の住宅政策</a>    <a </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.hudcc.gov.ph/">HUDCC</a> Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://members.at.infoseek.co.jp/~peacewld/sss.htm">SSSについて</a>    <a href="http://www.sss.gov.ph/"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>  </span>社会保障制度</a>(SSS)へのリンク  <a href="http://www.gsis.gov.ph/">政府サービス保険制度</a>(GSIS)へのリンク </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://members.at.infoseek.co.jp/peacewld/phili020519.htm">SSS、GSIS、Pag-Ibig資金</a>  <a href="http://www.info.com.ph/~hgc">HGC </a> 住宅保証局へのリンク<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>       </span><a href="http://www.pag-ibig-fund.com/index1.htm">Pag-IBig</a>(Home Development Mutual Fund)は住宅金融機関</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.gov.ph/cat_housing/default.asp">フィリピン政府 住宅関連ホーム</a></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://members.at.infoseek.co.jp/peacewld/housingbill.htm">住宅法</a> 2001年</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.codewan.com.ph/">COUNTRYWIDE DEVELOPMENT WIDE AREA NETWORK</a></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>エストラダ大統領の住宅政策について<span lang=EN-US><br>  </span><strong><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;font-family:"MS Pゴシック";mso-bidi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック"'>M</span></strong><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>onths after President Estrada effected a <span class=SpellE>rigodon</span> in the government’s housing agencies, the process of delivering homes to his beloved <span class=SpellE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>masa</i></span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> </i>is finally about to begin. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>Next month, provincial governments are expected to submit to the National Housing Authority (NHA) their respective Comprehensive Land Use and Zoning Plans, their ticket to being issued housing development permits. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>Only with those permits from the NHA can the provinces participate in meeting the Estrada administration’s target of 1.35 million low-cost houses built before he steps down in 2004. </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The NHA implements and oversees housing programs for the informal sector, in particular housing requirements of urban poor communities, danger area dwellers, and families affected by government infrastructure projects. The agency's housing program also serves communities along the banks of the </span><st1:place><st1:PlaceName><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>Pasig</span></span></st1:PlaceName><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> </span><st1:PlaceType><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>River</span></st1:PlaceType></st1:place><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> and the tracks of the Philippine National Railway. </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center'><strong><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"MS Pゴシック";mso-bidi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック";color:#800040'>1,000 units a day for four years<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>To governors and other local officials, helping Estrada meet the national target of 1.35 million new houses means building everyday until 2004, some 1,000 units that are attractive, durable, and affordable for low-income families in predetermined towns and <span class=SpellE>barangays</span>.</span></p> <p class=MsoBodyText><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>But from data gathered by PNI, the process will be quite long and saddled with problems of scarce funding and technical incapability that have characterized most projects undertaken by local government units (<span class=SpellE>LGUs</span>) since devolution became a buzz word in governance.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoBodyText align=center style='text-align:center'><strong><span lang=EN-US style='color:#800040'>A rough ride</span></strong></p> <p class=MsoBodyText><span lang=EN-US style='color:white'>...</span><span lang=EN-US>Between signing “<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Housing Covenant ’99</b>” with representatives of concerned government agencies at the housing summit in Laguna in December, and actually putting a roof above the heads of their constituent-families, it’s going to be a rough ride for the provincial executives.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The first step alone, which requires provinces to submit their respective <b>Comprehensive Land Use and Zoning Plan</b>, is arduous. According to Laguna Gov. Joey <span class=SpellE>Lina</span>, president of the League of Provinces of the Philippines (LPP) which organized the housing summit, only 20 of the country’s 78 provinces have completed their Comprehensive Land Use and Zoning Plans.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The 58 remaining provinces must do a lot of research and surveys in order to complete their land use plans. </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>They must locate suitable housing sites from idle government lands, and check out the authenticity of the land titles of private real properties to be acquired. In Laguna, for instance, the local government has already identified 73 sites for mass housing.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>If the site is not originally for residential use, the <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span> have to submit to the NHA the necessary permits for land use conversion.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The next step, <span class=SpellE>Lina</span> said, is for the local government to identify the target beneficiaries of the housing program from the homeless and underprivileged families in their areas. </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The prospective beneficiaries will have to be organized to make sure they are not part of squatter syndicates who earn their living applying for housing benefits and then selling them to interested parties before going elsewhere to squat again.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>Once the list of target beneficiaries has been finalized, the LGU must draw a socio-economic profile of these families to determine the affordability levels of the units to be constructed.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The burden of identifying the applicable housing technologies and the home financing system also falls on the shoulders of the <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span>.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center'><strong><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"MS Pゴシック"; mso-bidi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック";color:#800040'>Financing, a major concern</span></strong></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>Financing, or the lack of it, is another other major problem awaiting the <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span>' housing programs.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>According to the presentations and the transcripts of the open forum at the <span class=SpellE>LPP's</span> housing summit in December, there is, technically, some P150 billion available for the <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span>' mass housing programs. Governors estimate that with P10 million, they can develop 200 to 250 lots on government-acquired properties.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>Almost all of the available funds, however, are either difficult for local governments to access or involve complicated procedures before they can be released.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The NHA alone has set aside <b>P5.2 </b>billion for its<b> resettlement projects</b>, and <b>P5.7 billion</b> for its<b> community development projects</b>. These are intended for <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span> that want to build permanent houses for squatters, whether they are sitting on government lands or private properties. </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>A P20-billion socialized housing fund of the NHA is also available to <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span> that want to tie-up with private developers.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The <b>Poverty Alleviation Program </b>of the NHA also has<b> P100 million</b> that can be divided among city governments, at about P1.5 million each. Its Land Tenure Assistance Program, designed to help squatters purchase private lands on which they squat, has a corporate fund of P500-million.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The P23 billion left of the <b>P30 billion agricultural agrarian reform program fund</b> can also be accessed<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>by <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span> for housing programs by submitting a letter of intent to the Home Insurance Guarantee Corp. (HIGC) and the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) for loans ranging from P500,000 to P1 million.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>The Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP), which offers three types of schemes for its LGU housing loans, has a stand-by fund of P95 billion for housing, which provinces, cities, and towns with a population of 10,000 may avail of.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center'><strong><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"MS Pゴシック";mso-bidi-font-family:"MS Pゴシック";color:#800040'>Low collection rate</span></strong></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>While the <span class=SpellE>DBP's</span> problem is that "there are not enough borrowers to warrant outright implementation," the dilemma of government financing agencies is the low collection rate that results in a huge backlog in housing funds.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>Willy Hernandez of the Home Insurance Guarantee Corp., briefing the governors earlier about the housing situation, said, "National housing programs, such as the <span class=SpellE>Pag-Ibig</span> and the National Home Mortgage Finance, experience a low 50-per cent collection rate, resulting in a P10-billion backlog in new housing funds."</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>He added that if this rate does not improve, there would not be enough funds "for the housing requirements of the low income classes, such as soldiers, low-salaried government employees, teachers, policemen, and the like." </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>But Sen. Rodolfo <span class=SpellE>Biazon</span>, according to the summit transcripts, had raised doubts whether the government can actually answer for P10-billion annual backlog in the housing fund.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>According to the senator, the government has required banks to charge a maximum of 9 per cent in interest rate on LGU housing loans, but banks generally want to charge 16 per cent. Under the housing law, government is prepared to provide the shortfall of 7 per cent over a period of 25 years for loans of P180,000. Since this requires from the government an outlay of around P50,000 per unit, <span class=SpellE>Biazon</span> asked, "Where on earth will government get funds amounting to P10 billion per year?"</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Lina</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> said President Estrada is "aware that the amounts appropriated by government for housing are small." The <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span>, the LPP president acknowledged, will definitely find it difficult at first to source additional housing funds without depending on <span class=SpellE>doleouts</span> or special appropriations from the national government. </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>For the moment, however, what counts is that, "we have initiated the first step and gauged LGU interest in the process," <span class=SpellE>Lina</span> said. </span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>...</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>"Housing needs are local needs that become the inevitable concern of local officials," <span class=SpellE>Lina</span> said. <span class=SpellE>LGUs</span>, therefore, "cannot wait for the private sector" to take the lead in solving the non-delivery of this one basic need.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style='text-indent:10.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0'><span style='font-size: 10.5pt'>アロヨ政権と住宅政策<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style='text-indent:10.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0'><span style='font-size: 10.5pt'>2001年にエストラダ大統領の退任を受けた大統領選挙で登場したアロヨ大統領は、対共産ゲリラではアメリカの要求する強硬姿勢を取らず、宥和政策をとる姿勢を示したため、軍部内には政権成立時より批判的勢力が存在。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </div> </body> </html> <HR>[PR]<A HREF="http://rd.ane.yahoo.co.jp/rd?ep=78weiJcJPggJ7FAJI5YVl3LSG0J4erqrNZVGRfrGtaPhsd_1DcSNA1KuLSzHCVXZYyW4LC7GR7wCDjTBKkdLTedpFelTshi_ulo86bNDWLVBnbUBNx3lzIlNHOtNef2iFxAyZuJS6KFv8jXq9PMb2MOhITJyZ.3u.z3xu7_aGfQyfXKauPsISWNTYHXkAt0O&a=7g9wRFU9lm.6GA6PeTd1&s=rHQ0Uw49kWcuuA--&t=Ff14iMxhwysI&C=1&D=2&i=0&m=jp&F=0&guid=ON">血液型生年月日で運命診断:無料お試しも本格鑑定!</A><BR />